Temporal and modal characterization of DoD source air toxic emission factors

This project tested three, real-/near real-time monitoring techniques to develop air toxic emission factors for Department of Defense (DoD) platform sources. These techniques included: resonance enhanced multi photon ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) for organic air toxics, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for metallic air toxics, and optical remote sensing (ORS) methods for measurement of criteria pollutants and other hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Conventional emission measurements were used for verification of the real-time monitoring results. The REMPI-TOFMS system was demonstrated on the following: • a United States U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) diesel generator, • a U.S. Air Force auxiliary power unit (APU), • the waste combustor at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, during a multi-monitor Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) test for dioxin monitoring systems, • two dynamometer-driven high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWVs), • an idling Abrams battle tank, • a Bradley infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), and • an F-15 and multiple F-22 U.S. Air Force aircraft engines. LIBS was tested and applied solely to the U.S. Marine Corps diesel generator. The high detection limits of LIBS for toxic metals limited its usefulness as a real time analyzer for most DoD sources. ORS was tested only on the APU with satisfactory results for non-condensable combustion products [carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2)] but with limited success on condensable volatile organic by-products. This program demonstrated the ability to measure trace aromatics with REMPI-TOFMS in harsh environments and with a high degree of accuracy and precision.